As an acoustic consultant who has worked on more than a few aircraft noise projects, including ANEFs, I believe the answer could come from a variety of sources.
Firstly and most significantly, there is engine noise. When a plane is airborne, noise is produced as hot air from the engine mixes with the cold air at incredibly high velocity. Then there is speed/thrust. My experience of measuring noise associated with a British Hawker Harrier at a tie-down facility indicates that higher thrust equates to higher noise output. It's the single loudest thing I've ever heard and I've stood within 5m of underground coal mine exhaust systems. The faster the turbine spins, the more noise that comes off it.
Engine noise can and does vary even for the same type of plane. Variables include the age of the engine, whether it's been serviced etc, and when flying, the speed of the aircraft. The faster the plane travels, the more noise that comes off it.
Secondly, the "friction" type of noise caused by the aerodynamics. Wind rushing over the wings and fuselage produces significant noise. The level of this noise is again influenced by variables such as the speed of the plane, and also the position of the wing flaps and atmospheric conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction etc.
To the observer inside the plane, seat location will be everything. In my experience, a seat close to but behind the engines will be the noisiest.
Actualise is also correct when suggesting "deadening" inside the plane (well not by deadening per se, but absorption). A plane with more people, newer carpet, cloth seats etc will result in more reverberant noise control which will "deaden" the space. So the fitout and load of the plane also plays a part.
Also, as a few have suggested, the age of the plane is also relevant. Planes are becoming quieter.
Based on what I know, I'd guess that Acualise experienced an older 737-400 that was being flogged into a chilly headwind and he had a seat close enough to the engine to cop an earful.