Note that the EU Carbon Tax and then the general QF Fuel Surcharge rises are separate matters.
EU ETS: This page has an interesting summary of CO2e per passenger km emissions - note the 1992 "Climatic Forcing" IPCC graph on the right....
Environmental impact of aviation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Without "Climatic Forcing" the numbers seem to be around
"Long distance flights: 113 g/km CO[SUB]2[/SUB] or 114 g/km (2.5 oz/mile) CO[SUB]2[/SUB]e"
And then:
" For perspective, per passenger a typical economy-class New York to Los Angeles round trip produces about 715 kg (1574 lb) of CO[SUB]2[/SUB], but is equivalent to 1,917 kg (4,230 lb) of CO[SUB]2[/SUB] when the high altitude “climatic forcing” effect is taken into account.[SUP]
[14][/SUP] Within the categories of flights above, emissions from scheduled jet flights are substantially higher than turboprop or chartered jet flights. The emissions above are similar to a four-seat car with one person on board;[SUP]
[15][/SUP] however, flying trips often cover longer distances than would be undertaken by car, so the total emissions are much higher. About 60% of aviation emissions arise from international flights "
But none of these numbers seem to address particular aircraft, fuel, altitudes or account for freight among other things. I suspect the EU ETS cost of $3.50 per pax per flight into Europe would be beacause the EU ETS has a lower carbon cost per tonne than the Australian Carbon Tax? Whatever the case, everyone's numbers are a bit confusing and opaque at this point.