Welcome to AFF,
peterseaford.
As far as FF programs are concerned, you could use any of the Star Alliance programs. Check what fare class the flights are booked in as the fare class will affect the FF earning rates on most programs and you want to ensure the fights do earn points for you. You also will want to determine what you want out of your FF program. Are you looking to get free flights, upgrades, lounge access etc.
Note that with one trip to China and one trip to Europe you are not going to earn a lot of FF points or FF status. And there is no Star Alliance domestic carrier in Australia, so the shortest redemptions are likely to be with Air NZ across the Tasman (that does not mean you need to use NZ's FF program).
You may also like to consider a Star Alliance program that does not expire the points/miles quickly. I am no expert on A* programs, but believe Asiana's is one that has a long points validity time.
As for cash when travelling, I like to carry at least two cards with me, one for use as a credit card (I actually carry three of those, Amex, Visa and Mastercard) and one for cash withdrawls. Cash Withdrawls from an ATM generally incur fees, and if you use the same credit card as your spending, you will be charged interest on the "cash advance". So I keep my "cash" card with a debit balance so I don't pay any interest. Also be aware of fees for using your cards overseas. It may be worthwhile seeking a card that has low or no fees for overseas transactions. I use a Citibank Readicredit card for that (no fees, but they do charge about 2% currency exchange surcharge). Some people here have chosen the Wizzard Clard Advantage card that reportedly has no fees and very low exchange rate for international transactions. Do a search here and you will find all the details.
For travel insurance, you will most likely have to pay a surcharge based on age and previous medical history. You may be able to reduce the fee if you are willing to exclude any medical coverage for your previous medical history. But you can be covered. My father was able to get coverage when he was 75 and had similar surgery to you 20 years previous.
If your Europe trip is within 12 months of the China trip, and neither will be for more than 60-90 days, you may like to consider an annual policy. That generally works out much cheaper for multiple trips and will mean you only need to go through the medical history exercise once. An AFF Gold Membership will entitle you to a 20% discount on the Columbus Direct Travel Insurance. Oops, I just checked and their policy is only for up to 64 years of age. But for comparison purposes, an adult (up to 64yo) annual world-wide policy with the 20% discount would be around $200.
You may like to have a look at
Cheap Travel Insurance Online, Australia for some policy comparisons.
