A little difficult to be precise since you've listed provinces rather than cities, but it is possible to go for rail for a fair bit, perhaps even most, of this trip, I think. I generally echo the sentiments of MEL_Traveller. Anything that can be done by rail in 4 to 5 hours is likely to be better done that way than air given that airports are often a bit out of town and the chances of delays being much much higher than with rail. Note too that the rules about electronics in flight are stricter than in most other places, including a total ban on mobile phones during flight, even in flight mode so if you need to be productive/contactable while travelling, then the trains have a clear advantage.
One small note on High Speed trains (HSR) in China: the stations that these trains stop at are often a little away from the city centre. Not as far out as airports, but still needs to be factored in to travel time.